The venous system of the lower extremities consist of: (a) deep system and the (b) superficial (greater and lesser saphenous veins). These two systems are interconnected at the groin and knee. Also they are connected via (c) perforator veins.
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One-way valves are present at the junctions between the bifurcation point of the deep and superficial system, at the knee and the groin junctions. These valves play an important role in maintaining normal blood circulation system.
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The veins in the legs sever to bring blood to the legs and the heart. The weight of all the blood in the legs is very heavy. Valves prevent blood from flowing back down the leg by opening in the direction of the heart and closing when blood tries to move towards the feet by gravity. The blood pressure at the junctions (groins and knees) is very high and the valves can be damaged or loosened. Blood will flow backwards when closings are weak or the valves are leaky. The veins downstream that are now unprotected by valves further upstream are exposed to the weight of an increasingly high column of blood. These downstream veins cannot endure the pressure of the column of blood and engorging and distorting the veins in your leg.
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